姐,51。。。
轻松的小说阅读环境
Site Manager
巴黎圣母院英文版 - BOOK SIXTH CHAPTER III.HISTORY OF A LEAVENED CAKE OF MAIZE.
繁体
恢复默认
返回目录【键盘操作】左右光标键:上下章节;回车键:目录;双击鼠标:停止/启动自动滚动;滚动时上下光标键调节滚动速度。
  At the epoch of this history, the cell in the Tour-Roland was occupied.If the reader desires to know by whom, he has only to lend an ear to the conversation of three worthy gossips, who, at the moment when we have directed his attention to the Rat-Hole, were directing their steps towards the same spot, coming up along the water's edge from the Chatelet, towards the Grève.Two of these women were dressed like good ~bourgeoises~ of paris.Their fine white ruffs; their petticoats of linsey- woolsey, striped red and blue; their white knitted stockings, with clocks embroidered in colors, well drawn upon their legs; the square-toed shoes of tawny leather with black soles, and, above all, their headgear, that sort of tinsel horn, loaded down with ribbons and laces, which the women of Champagne still wear, in company with the grenadiers of the imperial guard of Russia, announced that they belonged to that class wives which holds the middle ground between what the lackeys call a woman and what they term a lady.They wore neither rings nor gold crosses, and it was easy to see that, in their ease, this did not proceed from poverty, but simply from fear of being fined.Their companion was attired in very much the same manner; but there was that indescribable something about her dress and bearing which suggested the wife of a provincial notary.One could see, by the way in which her girdle rose above her hips, that she had not been long in paris.--Add to this a plaited tucker, knots of ribbon on her shoes--and that the stripes of her petticoat ran horizontally instead of vertically, and a thousand other enormities which shocked good taste.The two first walked with that step peculiar to parisian ladies, showing paris to women from the country.The provincial held by the hand a big boy, who held in his a large, flat cake.We regret to be obliged to add, that, owing to the rigor of the season, he was using his tongue as a handkerchief.The child was making them drag him along, ~non passibus Cequis~, as Virgil says, and stumbling at every moment, to the great indignation of his mother.It is true that he was looking at his cake more than at the pavement.Some serious motive, no doubt, prevented his biting it (the cake), for he contented himself with gazing tenderly at it.But the mother should have rather taken charge of the cake.It was cruel to make a Tantalus of the chubby-checked boy.Meanwhile, the three demoiselles (for the name of dames was then reserved for noble women) were all talking at once."Let us make haste, Demoiselle Mahiette," said the youngest of the three, who was also the largest, to the provincial, "I greatly fear that we shall arrive too late; they told us at the Chatelet that they were going to take him directly to the pillory.""Ah, bah! what are you saying, Demoiselle Oudarde Musnier?" interposed the other parisienne."There are two hours yet to the pillory.We have time enough.Have you ever seen any one pilloried, my dear Mahiette?""Yes," said the provincial, "at Reims.""Ah, bah!What is your pillory at Reims?A miserable cage into which only peasants are turned.A great affair, truly!""Only peasants!" said Mahiette, "at the cloth market in Reims!We have seen very fine criminals there, who have killed their father and mother!peasants!For what do you take us, Gervaise?"It is certain that the provincial was on the point of taking offence, for the honor of her pillory.Fortunately, that discreet damoiselle, Oudarde Musnier, turned the conversation in time."By the way, Damoiselle Mahiette, what say you to our Flemish Ambassadors?Have you as fine ones at Reims?""I admit," replied Mahiette, "that it is only in paris that such Flemings can be seen.""Did you see among the embassy, that big ambassador who is a hosier?" asked Oudarde."Yes," said Mahiette."He has the eye of a Saturn.""And the big fellow whose face resembles a bare belly?" resumed Gervaise."And the little one, with small eyes framed in red eyelids, pared down and slashed up like a thistle head?""'Tis their horses that are worth seeing," said Oudarde, "caparisoned as they are after the fashion of their country!""Ah my dear," interrupted provincial Mahiette, assuming in her turn an air of superiority, "what would you say then, if you had seen in '61, at the consecration at Reims, eighteen years ago, the horses of the princes and of the king's company?Housings and caparisons of all sorts; some of damask cloth, of fine cloth of gold, furred with sables; others of velvet, furred with ermine; others all embellished with goldsmith's work and large bells of gold and silver!And what money that had cost!And what handsome boy pages rode upon them!""That," replied Oudarde dryly, "does not prevent the Flemings having very fine horses, and having had a superb supper yesterday with monsieur, the provost of the merchants, at the H?tel-de-Ville, where they were served with comfits and hippocras, and spices, and other singularities.""What are you saying, neighbor!" exclaimed Gervaise. "It was with monsieur the cardinal, at the petit Bourbon that they supped.""Not at all.At the H?tel-de-Ville."Yes, indeed.At the petit Bourbon!""It was at the H?tel-de-Ville," retorted Oudarde sharply, "and Dr. Scourable addressed them a harangue in Latin, which pleased them greatly.My husband, who is sworn bookseller told me.""It was at the petit Bourbon," replied Gervaise, with no less spirit, "and this is what monsieur the cardinal's procurator presented to them: twelve double quarts of hippocras, white, claret, and red; twenty-four boxes of double Lyons marchpane, gilded; as many torches, worth two livres a piece; and six demi-queues* of Beaune wine, white and claret, the best that could be found.I have it from my husband, who is a cinquantenier**, at the parloir-aux Bourgeois, and who was this morning comparing the Flemish ambassadors with those of prester John and the Emperor of Trebizond, who came from Mesopotamia to paris, under the last king, and who wore rings in their ears."*A Queue was a cask which held a hogshead and a half.**A captain of fifty men."So true is it that they supped at the H?tel-de-Ville," replied Oudarde but little affected by this catalogue, "that such a triumph of viands and comfits has never been seen.""I tell you that they were served by Le Sec, sergeant of the city, at the H?tel du petit-Bourbon, and that that is where you are mistaken.""At the H?tel-de-Ville, I tell you!""At the petit-Bourbon, my dear! and they had illuminated with magic glasses the word hope, which is written on the grand portal.""At the H?tel-de-Ville!At the H?tel-de-Ville!And Husson-le-Voir played the flute!""I tell you, no!""I tell you, yes!""I say, no!"plump and worthy Oudarde was preparing to retort, and the quarrel might, perhaps, have proceeded to a pulling of caps, had not Mahiette suddenly exclaimed,--"Look at those people assembled yonder at the end of the bridge!There is something in their midst that they are looking at!""In sooth," said Gervaise, "I hear the sounds of a tambourine.I believe 'tis the little Esmeralda, who plays her mummeries with her goat.Eh, be quick, Mahiette! redouble your pace and drag along your boy.You are come hither to visit the curiosities of paris.You saw the Flemings yesterday; you must see the gypsy to-day.""The gypsy!" said Mahiette, suddenly retracing her steps, and clasping her son's arm forcibly."God preserve me from it!She would steal my child from me!Come, Eustache!"And she set out on a run along the quay towards the Grève, until she had left the bridge far behind her.In the meanwhile, the child whom she was dragging after her fell upon his knees; she halted breathless.Oudarde and Gervaise rejoined her."That gypsy steal your child from you!" said Gervaise. "That's a singular freak of yours!"Mahiette shook her head with a pensive air."The singular point is," observed Oudarde, "that ~la sachette~ has the same idea about the Egyptian woman.""What is ~la sachette~?" asked Mahiette."Hé!" said Oudarde, "Sister Gudule.""And who is Sister Gudule?" persisted Mahiette."You are certainly ignorant of all but your Reims, not to know that!" replied Oudarde."'Tis the recluse of the Rat-Hole.""What!" demanded Mahiette, "that poor woman to whom we are carrying this cake?"Oudarde nodded affirmatively."precisely.You will see her presently at her window on the Grève.She has the same opinion as yourself of these vagabonds of Egypt, who play the tambourine and tell fortunes to the public.No one knows whence comes her horror of the gypsies and Egyptians.But you, Mahiette--why do you run so at the mere sight of them?""Oh!" said Mahiette, seizing her child's round head in both hands, "I don't want that to happen to me which happened to paquette la Chantefleurie.""Oh! you must tell us that story, my good Mahiette," said Gervaise, taking her arm."Gladly," replied Mahiette, "but you must be ignorant of all but your paris not to know that!I will tell you then (but 'tis not necessary for us to halt that I may tell you the tale), that paquette la Chantefleurie was a pretty maid of eighteen when I was one myself, that is to say, eighteen years ago, and 'tis her own fault if she is not to-day, like me, a good, plump, fresh mother of six and thirty, with a husband and a son. However, after the age of fourteen, it was too late!Well, she was the daughter of Guybertant, minstrel of the barges at Reims, the same who had played before King Charles VII., at his coronation, when he descended our river Vesle from Sillery to Muison, when Madame the Maid of Orleans was also in the boat.The old father died when paquette was still a mere child; she had then no one but her mother, the sister of M. pradon, master-brazier and coppersmith in paris, Rue Farm- Garlin, who died last year.You see she was of good family. The mother was a good simple woman, unfortunately, and she taught paquette nothing but a bit of embroidery and toy-making which did not prevent the little one from growing very large and remaining very poor.They both dwelt at Reims, on the river front, Rue de Folle-peine.Mark this: For I believe it was this which brought misfortune to paquette. In '61, the year of the coronation of our King Louis XI. whom God preserve! paquette was so gay and so pretty that she was called everywhere by no other name than "la Chantefleurie"--blossoming song.poor girl!She had handsome teeth, she was fond of laughing and displaying them.Now, a maid who loves to laugh is on the road to weeping; handsome teeth ruin handsome eyes.So she was la Chantefleurie.She and her mother earned a precarious living; they had been very destitute since the death of the minstrel; their embroidery did not bring them in more than six farthings a week, which does not amount to quite two eagle liards.Where were the days when Father Guybertant had earned twelve sous parisian, in a single coronation, with a song?One winter (it was in that same year of '61), when the two women had neither fagots nor firewood, it was very cold, which gave la Chantefleurie such a fine color that the men called her paquette!* and many called her pàquerette!** and she was ruined.--Eustache, just let me see you bite that cake if you dare!--We immediately perceived that she was ruined, one Sunday when she came to church with a gold cross about her neck. At fourteen years of age! do you see?First it was the young Vicomte de Cormontreuil, who has his bell tower three leagues distant from Reims; then Messire Henri de Triancourt, equerry to the King; then less than that, Chiart de Beaulion, sergeant-at-arms; then, still descending, Guery Aubergeon, carver to the King; then, Mace de Frépus, barber to monsieur the dauphin; then, Thévenin le Moine, King's cook; then, the men growing continually younger and less noble, she fell to Guillaume Racine, minstrel of the hurdy gurdy and to Thierry de Mer, lamplighter.Then, poor Chantefleurie, she belonged to every one: she had reached the last sou of her gold piece.What shall I say to you, my damoiselles?At the coronation, in the same year, '61, 'twas she who made the bed of the king of the debauchees!In the same year!"*Ox-eye daisy.**Easter daisy.Mahiette sighed, and wiped away a tear which trickled from her eyes."This is no very extraordinary history," said Gervaise, "and in the whole of it I see nothing of any Egyptian women or children.""patience!" resumed Mahiette, "you will see one child.--In '66, 'twill be sixteen years ago this month, at Sainte- paule's day, paquette was brought to bed of a little girl. The unhappy creature! it was a great joy to her; she had long wished for a child.Her mother, good woman, who had never known what to do except to shut her eyes, her mother was dead.paquette had no longer any one to love in the world or any one to love her.La Chantefleurie had been a poor creature during the five years since her fall.She was alone, alone in this life, fingers were pointed at her, she was hooted at in the streets, beaten by the sergeants, jeered at by the little boys in rags.And then, twenty had arrived: and twenty is an old age for amorous women.Folly began to bring her in no more than her trade of embroidery in former days; for every wrinkle that came, a crown fled; winter became hard to her once more, wood became rare again in her brazier, and bread in her cupboard.She could no longer work because, in becoming voluptuous, she had grown lazy; and she suffered much more because, in growing lazy, she had become voluptuous. At least, that is the way in which monsieur the cure of Saint-Remy explains why these women are colder and hungrier than other poor women, when they are old.""Yes," remarked Gervaise, "but the gypsies?""One moment, Gervaise!" said Oudarde, whose attention was less impatient."What would be left for the end if all were in the beginning?Continue, Mahiette, I entreat you. That poor Chantefleurie!"Mahiette went on."So she was very sad, very miserable, and furrowed her cheeks with tears.But in the midst of her shame, her folly, her debauchery, it seemed to her that she should be less wild, less shameful, less dissipated, if there were something or some one in the world whom she could love, and who could love her.It was necessary that it should be a child, because only a child could be sufficiently innocent for that.She had recognized this fact after having tried to love a thief, the only man who wanted her; but after a short time, she perceived that the thief despised her.Those women of love require either a lover or a child to fill their hearts.Otherwise, they are very unhappy.As she could not have a lover, she turned wholly towards a desire for a child, and as she had not ceased to be pious, she made her constant prayer to the good God for it.So the good God took pity on her, and gave her a little daughter.I will not speak to you of her joy; it was a fury of tears, and caresses, and kisses.She nursed her child herself, made swaddling-bands for it out of her coverlet, the only one which she had on her bed, and no longer felt either cold or hunger.She became beautiful once more, in consequence of it.An old maid makes a young mother.Gallantry claimed her once more; men came to see la Chantefleurie; she found customers again for her merchandise, and out of all these horrors she made baby clothes, caps and bibs, bodices with shoulder-straps of lace, and tiny bonnets of satin, without even thinking of buying herself another coverlet.--Master Eustache, I have already told you not to eat that cake.--It is certain that little Agnes, that was the child's name, a baptismal name, for it was a long time since la Chantefleurie had had any surname--it is certain that that little one was more swathed in ribbons and embroideries than a dauphiness of Dauphiny!Among other things, she had a pair of little shoes, the like of which King Louis XI. certainly never had!Her mother had stitched and embroidered them herself; she had lavished on them all the delicacies of her art of embroideress, and all the embellishments of a robe for the good Virgin.They certainly were the two prettiest little pink shoes that could be seen.They were no longer than my thumb, and one had to see the child's little feet come out of them, in order to believe that they had been able to get into them.'Tis true that those little feet were so small, so pretty, so rosy! rosier than the satin of the shoes!When you have children, Oudarde, you will find that there is nothing prettier than those little hands and feet.""I ask no better," said Oudarde with a sigh, "but I am waiting until it shall suit the good pleasure of M. Andry Musnier.""However, paquette's child had more that was pretty about it besides its feet.I saw her when she was only four months old; she was a love!She had eyes larger than her mouth, and the most charming black hair, which already curled.She would have been a magnificent brunette at the age of sixteen! Her mother became more crazy over her every day.She kissed her, caressed her, tickled her, washed her, decked her out, devoured her!She lost her head over her, she thanked God for her.Her pretty, little rosy feet above all were an endless source of wonderment, they were a delirium of joy! She was always pressing her lips to them, and she could never recover from her amazement at their smallness.She put them into the tiny shoes, took them out, admired them, marvelled at them, looked at the light through them, was curious to see them try to walk on her bed, and would gladly have passed her life on her knees, putting on and taking off the shoes from those feet, as though they had been those of an Infant Jesus.""The tale is fair and good," said Gervaise in a low tone; "but where do gypsies come into all that?""Here," replied Mahiette."One day there arrived in Reims a very queer sort of people.They were beggars and vagabonds who were roaming over the country, led by their duke and their counts.They were browned by exposure to the sun, they had closely curling hair, and silver rings in their ears.The women were still uglier than the men.They had blacker faces, which were always uncovered, a miserable frock on their bodies, an old cloth woven of cords bound upon their shoulder, and their hair hanging like the tail of a horse.The children who scrambled between their legs would have frightened as many monkeys.A band of excommunicates. All these persons came direct from lower Egypt to Reims through poland.The pope had confessed them, it was said, and had prescribed to them as penance to roam through the world for seven years, without sleeping in a bed; and so they were called penancers, and smelt horribly.It appears that they had formerly been Saracens, which was why they believed in Jupiter, and claimed ten livres of Tournay from all archbishops, bishops, and mitred abbots with croziers. A bull from the pope empowered them to do that.They came to Reims to tell fortunes in the name of the King of Algiers, and the Emperor of Germany.You can readily imagine that no more was needed to cause the entrance to the town to be forbidden them.Then the whole band camped with good grace outside the gate of Braine, on that hill where stands a mill, beside the cavities of the ancient chalk pits.And everybody in Reims vied with his neighbor in going to see them. They looked at your hand, and told you marvellous prophecies; they were equal to predicting to Judas that he would become pope.Nevertheless, ugly rumors were in circulation in regard to them; about children stolen, purses cut, and human flesh devoured.The wise people said to the foolish: "Don't go there!" and then went themselves on the sly.It was an infatuation.The fact is, that they said things fit to astonish a cardinal.Mothers triumphed greatly over their little ones after the Egyptians had read in their hands all sorts of marvels written in pagan and in Turkish.One had an emperor; another, a pope; another, a captain.poor Chantefleurie was seized with curiosity; she wished to know about herself, and whether her pretty little Agnes would not become some day Empress of Armenia, or something else.So she carried her to the Egyptians; and the Egyptian women fell to admiring the child, and to caressing it, and to kissing it with their black mouths, and to marvelling over its little band, alas! to the great joy of the mother.They were especially enthusiastic over her pretty feet and shoes.The child was not yet a year old.She already lisped a little, laughed at her mother like a little mad thing, was plump and quite round, and possessed a thousand charming little gestures of the angels of paradise.
或许您还会喜欢:
印第安酋长
作者:佚名
章节:10 人气:2
摘要:亲爱的读者,你知道,“青角”这个词是什么意思吗?无论用在谁身上,这个词都损人、气人到极点,它指的是触角。“青”就是青,“角”就是触角。因此“青角”是个刚到这个国家(指美国),缺乏经验,尚显稚嫩的人,如果他不想惹人嫌,就得小心翼翼地探出他的触角。我当初也是这么一个“青角”。 [点击阅读]
同时代的游戏
作者:佚名
章节:6 人气:2
摘要:1妹妹:我从记事的年代就常常地想,我这辈子总得抽时间把这事写出来。但是一旦动笔写,虽然我相信一定能够按当初确定的写法毫不偏离地写下去,然而回头看看写出来的东西,又踌蹰不前了。所以此刻打算给你写这个信。妹妹,你那下身穿工作裤上身穿红衬衫,衬衫下摆打成结,露出肚子,宽宽的额头也袒露无遗,而且笑容满面的照片,还有那前额头发全用发夹子夹住的彩色幻灯照片,我全看到了。 [点击阅读]
喧哗与骚动
作者:佚名
章节:8 人气:2
摘要:威廉·福克纳(WilliamFaulkner,1897-1962)是美国现代最重要的小说家之一。他出生在南方一个没落的庄园主家庭。第一次世界大战时,他参加过加拿大皇家空军。复员后,上了一年大学,以后做过各种工作,同时业余从事写作。他最早的两本小说是当时流行的文学潮流影响下的作品,本身没有太多的特点。 [点击阅读]
园丁集
作者:佚名
章节:9 人气:2
摘要:1仆人请对您的仆人开恩吧,我的女王!女王集会已经开过,我的仆人们都走了。你为什么来得这么晚呢?仆人您同别人谈过以后,就是我的时间了。我来问有什么剩余的工作,好让您的最末一个仆人去做。女王在这么晚的时间你还想做什么呢?仆人让我做您花园里的园丁吧。女王这是什么傻想头呢?仆人我要搁下别的工作。我把我的剑矛扔在尘土里。不要差遣我去遥远的宫廷;不要命令我做新的征讨。只求您让我做花园里的园丁。 [点击阅读]
夜城1·永夜之城
作者:佚名
章节:12 人气:2
摘要:私家侦探有着各式各样的外型,只可惜没一个长得像电视明星。有的私家侦专长征信工作,有的则是带着摄影机待在廉价旅馆里抓奸,只有极少数的私家侦探有机会调查扑朔迷离的谋杀案件。有些私家侦探擅长追查某些根本不存在或是不应该存在的东西。至于我,我的专长是找东西。有时候我希望自己找不出那些东西,不过既然干了这行就别想太多了。当时我门上招牌写的是泰勒侦探社。我就是泰勒,一个又高又黑又不特别英俊的男人。 [点击阅读]
夜城4·魔女回归
作者:佚名
章节:10 人气:2
摘要:夜城里什么东西都有,从神圣的遗产到污秽的法器一应俱全。不过除非具有钢铁般的意志,不然我绝不推荐任何人参加夜城里举行的拍卖会。虽然大部分的人根本不敢在拍卖会中跟我抢标,不过我已经很久没有出席任何拍卖会了,因为每次我都会在标到真正想要的东西之前先标下一堆垃圾。有一次我意外标到了一张召唤妖精用的“普卡”,结果就出现了一只只有我才看得到的花花公子玩伴女郎,足足跟了我好几个月。 [点击阅读]
夜城5·错过的旅途
作者:佚名
章节:12 人气:2
摘要:夜城老是给人一种时间不够的感觉。你可以在这里买到所有东西,但就是买不到时间。由于我有许多事情要办,又有许多敌人在身后追赶,所以只好急急忙忙地穿梭在夜城的街道之间。我很惊讶地发现来来往往的人潮都跟我保持一种比平常还要遥远的距离,看来若非我母亲的身分已经流传开来,就是大家都听说了当权者公开悬赏我的项上人头。为了避免卷入无妄之灾,于是众人纷纷及早走避。 [点击阅读]
夜城8·非自然询问报
作者:佚名
章节:11 人气:2
摘要:在夜城,黑夜永无止尽。这里是隐身于伦敦的黑暗魔法之心,美梦以各种型态现世,诱惑与救赎永远都在特卖。你可以在夜城中找到任何事物,只要对方没有抢先找上门来。火热的霓虹,深邃的黑暗,信用卡难以支付的罪恶,狂放的夜店,疯狂的音乐。换上你的舞鞋,舞动到血流如注为止。夜晚持续不断,欢乐永不止歇。随时都会有人手中握着印有你的名字的子弹。我名叫约翰·泰勒,是一名迷失灵魂、在诅咒之地寻求救赎的私家侦探。 [点击阅读]
巴斯克维尔的猎犬
作者:佚名
章节:15 人气:2
摘要:歇洛克·福尔摩斯先生坐在桌旁早餐,他除了时常彻夜不眠之外,早晨总是起得很晚的。我站在壁炉前的小地毯上,拿起了昨晚那位客人遗忘的手杖。这是一根很精致而又沉重的手杖,顶端有个疙疸;这种木料产于槟榔屿,名叫槟榔子木。紧挨顶端的下面是一圈很宽的银箍,宽度约有一英寸。上刻“送给皇家外科医学院学士杰姆士·摩梯末,C.C.H.的朋友们赠”,还刻有“一八八四年”。 [点击阅读]
席特哈尔塔
作者:佚名
章节:12 人气:2
摘要:席特哈尔塔,这个婆罗门的英俊儿子,这只年轻的雄鹰,在房子的背阴处,在河岸边小船旁的阳光下,在婆罗双树林的树荫里,在无花果树的浓荫下,与他的好朋友并且同是婆罗门之子的戈文达一起长大了。在河岸边,在沐浴中,在神圣的洗礼时,在神圣的祭祀时,太阳晒黑了他的浅嫩的肩膀。在芒果树林里,在孩子们游戏时,在母亲哼唱时,在神圣的祭祀时,在他那身为学者的父亲教诲时,在贤人们讲话时,浓荫融入了他的乌黑的眼睛。 [点击阅读]
广岛之恋
作者:佚名
章节:11 人气:2
摘要:一九五七年夏天,八月,广岛。一个三十岁左右的法国女子在这座城市里。她是来参加拍摄一部关于和平的影片,她在影片中扮演一个角色。故事发生在这个法国女人回国的前夕。她在其中扮演角色的这部影片实际上已近完成。只剩下一组镜头要拍摄。就在她回法国的前夕,这个在影片中始终未提及名字的法国女人——这个无名妇女——将遇到一个日本人(工程师或建筑师),他们之间产生了一段过眼云烟的恋情。 [点击阅读]
恐怖谷
作者:佚名
章节:13 人气:2
摘要:“我倒以为……"我说。“我应当这样做,"福尔摩斯急躁地说。我自信是一个极有耐性的人;可是,我得承认,他这样嘲笑地打断我的话,的确使我有点不快。因此我严肃地说:“福尔摩斯,说真的,你有时真叫人有点难堪啊。”他全神贯注地沉思,没有即刻回答我的抗议。他一只手支着头,面前放着一口未尝的早餐,两眼凝视着刚从信封中抽出来的那张纸条,然后拿起信封,举到灯前,非常仔细地研究它的外观和封口。 [点击阅读]
Copyright© 2006-2019. All Rights Reserved.